SEXUAL DIMORPHISM IN EXCESS POWER INDEX OF FOUR NORTH AMERICAN NATIVE BEES (HYMENOPTERA, ANDRENIDAE, APIDAE, AND HALICTIDAE)

Sexual dimorphism in excess power index of four North American native bees (Hymenoptera, Andrenidae, Apidae, and Halictidae)

A multitude of hymenopteran species exhibit sexual dimorphism for simple traits, such as color, size, or antennal segment number.These differences can reflect selection for specialized biological roles, many of which have not been documented for the majority of bee and wasp species.The excess power index (EPI) is an estimate of insect Bar Refrigera

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SIMULATION OF WAKE VORTEX AIRCRAFT IN GROUND EFFECT

The problem developed in this paper is encountered in airplane aerodynamics and concernsthe influence of long life longitudinal wake vortices generated by wing tips or by external obstaclessuch as reactors or landing 5 Ball Roller gears.More generally it concerns 3D bodies of finite extension in crossflow.At the edge of such obstacles, longitudinal

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